Showing posts with label ancient history. Show all posts
Showing posts with label ancient history. Show all posts


Ancient "Vehicles" Traced Back 20,000 Years Found in New Mexico

A recent study indicates that the first known inhabitants of North America utilized wooden contraptions for transporting goods—and potentially humans—over 20,000 years ago.

Scientists found drag marks resembling those of a sled next to ancient footprints at White Sands National Park in New Mexico, which could be oldest human footprint site in North America.

The Indigenous participants involved in the research indicated that the markings were likely created using a travois, which consists of a wooden structure formed by two poles tied together, as stated in the study released in the January issue of the journal. Quaternary Science Advances .

The Indigenous peoples of the Great Plains, which encompasses portions of present-day New Mexico, utilized travois dragged by canines (later substituted with equine species) for transporting their dwellings, household items, and personal belongings during initial interactions with European settlers roughly five centuries ago. According to research findings, young individuals and elderly females were known to travel within these structures as well. The investigators inferred from the dimensions and arrangement of historic foot impressions discovered adjacent to the trail marks that adult members probably hauled the travois, trailed closely behind by younger ones.

" numerous individuals might recognize the experience of maneuvering a shopping cart through a grocery store, shifting from one area to another with kids clinging onto it," according to the study’s lead author. Matthew Bennett , a professor specializing in environmental and geographical sciences at Bournemouth University in the UK, stated in an interview statement This seems to be the early version, though lacking wheels.

Related: The first Americans turned out to be different from what we believed.

Bennett observed that researchers understand our forebears had to use some method for transporting their belongings during global migrations; however, such wooden devices have long decomposed over time. These newly found scrape marks offer the initial evidence of how ancient humans shifted bulky items. before wheels , he said.

In 2020, researchers initiated the excavation of the drag marks site at White Sands. Here, trackways are embedded within layers of ancient dried mud that lie underneath sediments. Thousands of years ago, humans walked across this area. trudged through this landscape beside woolly mammoths, enormous ground sloths, camels, and numerous other species ice age creatures.

The scrape marks include lines in the soil stretching over 165 feet (50 meters) upwards. These marks sometimes consisted of individual lines, potentially created by two poles tied together at one end forming an A-shape. Alternatively, some instances featured two parallel lines, presumably resulting from two poles intersecting in the center to form an X-shape, as stated in the report.

The Indigenous peoples of the Great Plains commonly employed an A-frame structure featuring wooden beams connected either by crossbars or woven baskets designed to secure items, as indicated by the research. Investigators posited that early inhabitants of this area utilized similar contraptions. In order to validate their hypothesis, they constructed travois using wood poles and pulled these structures across muddy flats in the United Kingdom and coastal areas of Maine for testing purposes.

"In our experiments, the imprints and mud trails from the poles looked identical to the fossilized specimens we discovered in New Mexico," Bennett stated.

Bennett and his colleagues previously dated The human footprints found at White Sands date back approximately 21,000 to 23,000 years ago—this challenges the earlier belief that humans first arrived in North America between 13,000 and 16,000 years ago. While not all scholars concur with this timeline for the site, the study’s authors emphasized that regardless of the exact timing, these recently discovered traces highlight early Indigenous activities. Any discussions about the dates should not overshadow the significance of uncovering evidence related to ancient Native American traditions.

Each finding we reveal at White Sands enhances our knowledge about the individuals who were among the earliest inhabitants of the Americas, according to the co-author of the recent research. Sally Reynolds A mammalian paleontologist at Bournemouth University stated in the release, “These individuals were the initial explorers to journey to North America. Gaining insights into their movements is crucial for accurately narrating their history.”



Archaeologists Unveil 3,000-Year-Old Section of China's Ancient Great Wall

Archaeologists have uncovered what is thought to be the earliest known part of the structure. Great Wall of China , with roots extending about 300 years further back than initially believed. This significant discovery was made in the Changqing District of Jinan City, situated in China’s Shandong Province. It is dated to the latter part of the Western Zhou Dynasty (1046 BCE–771 BCE) and the beginning of the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BCE–476 BCE).

As reported by 'Archaeology News', the excavation Conducted by the Shandong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology from May to December 2024, this excavation spanned approximately 1,100 square meters in the north section of Guangli Village. It represents the first comprehensive dig of the Qi Great Wall following numerous previous surveys.

The Qi Great Wall, an earlier version of the renowned Ming Dynasty wall, was erected by the State of Qi during the Warring States period (475–221 BCE). Anticipating the Ming-era structure by over a thousand years, this fortification extends for more than 600 kilometers through Shandong province. It was designed as a defensive measure against incursions, notably those originating from the State of Chu.

The research group employed a combination of conventional artefact Analysis and cutting-edge techniques such as optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and radiocarbon dating revealed proof of sophisticated engineering practices. Built using tamped earth, stones, and various other materials, the structure exemplifies the military prowess of the Qi state well before China was unified under the Qin Dynasty.

The team likewise pinpointed the old settlement of Pingyin City, situated roughly 1.5 kilometers north of the Qi Great Wall. Ancient documents like the 'Zuo Zhuan' and 'Water Classic Commentary' depict Pingyin as an essential bastion for the Qi State. This city was vital for protecting trade paths and maintaining frontier safety.



Photos Unveil the Face of a Million-Year-Old Human Discovered at Ancient Site

Archaeologists have discovered what might be the earliest known human face in Western Europe. Estimated to be between 1.1 and 1.4 million years old, these bone pieces bear a similarity to those of an extinct species. Homo erectus and was discovered near animal bones bearing cut marks from stone instruments.

This week, Professor Rosa Huguet from Rovira i Virgili University reminisced about the instant her team unearthed the fossilized remains. She conveyed that they felt an overwhelming sense of "tremendous excitement" coupled with the duty to meticulously study their discovery.

"Where it was found was extremely old. Afterward, once we recognized it as a face and conducted our paleoanthropological analysis, we realized this find wasn’t just significant; it was revolutionary for understanding human evolution," she explained to Yahoo News.

Related: Artifact from a 12,000-year-old curse discovered in a cave

The pieces, collectively referred to as ATE7-1, were discovered at the Sima del Elefante excavation site in northern Spain in 2022. These remnants originally belonged to an early human's maxilla and zygomatic bones, which make up the upper jaw, the palate, and parts of the eye sockets and nasal area. The research was documented in the esteemed journal. Nature overnight.

It is believed that humans began settling in Eurasia approximately 1.8 million years ago, which is supported by the discovery of early stone tools from that era. Fossils of bone fragments are far less prevalent.

In her email to Yahoo, Huguet outlined the environment where ATE7-1 probably resided. She mentioned, "The paleoecological evidence indicates an open, damp woodland setting featuring trees, bushes, and streams near the location."

When examining the facial bones of an adult, it's not possible to determine details about their looks, gender, or even what species they belong to. It has been temporarily designated as Homo aff. erectus , suggesting a connection to Homo erectus , pending further evidence.

The additional items discovered around the area provide greater insight into the individual’s life and living conditions.

"We've retrieved a modest assortment of tools, encompassing cobbles and flakes crafted from quartz and flint—both locally available materials. This indicates that the stone tool resources were obtained from sites close to where they were found," explained Huguet.

Analysis of wear patterns on these tools suggests they were primarily used for butchering animal flesh. Furthermore, we found a rib bone from an elk-like creature at the location, exhibiting distinct cut marks, thus demonstrating that these early humans had the capability to secure sustenance through meat acquisition.

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Huguet aims to discover additional fossils at Sima del Elefante, which would enable her team to gain deeper insights into this newly identified species that inhabited Europe over one million years ago.

"It will surely be difficult, yet not unachievable. If [Sima del Elefante] has taught us anything, it’s that every outcome remains within reach and all possibilities are open," she stated.

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The article initially appeared on Yahoo News Australia. https://au.news.yahoo.com/photos-reveal-face-of-million-year-old-human-unearthed-at-ancient-site-160148879.html


New Study Suggests: Ancient Britons Were Predominantly Black 5,000 Years Ago

A study suggests that the individuals behind the construction of the famous Stonehenge may have been Black people.

Scientists from the University of Ferrara have reconstructed data from 348 ancient genomes collected throughout Eurasia. Italy Which indicates that nearly all Europeans had dark skin up until approximately 3,000 years ago.

Near Stonehenge, just outside the town of Glastonbury , estimated to be built about 5,000 years ago, experts suggest we can infer that the constructors likely had dark complexions.

Up until about 1,700 years ago, most Europeans had dark complexions, according to the researchers behind the study. They also noted that many ancient Greeks and Romans as well as the Britons who constructed Stonehenge possessed dark skin, eyes, and hair.

The research indicates that the transition towards lighter skin, due to population movements toward higher latitudes and increased consumption of vitamin D, occurred at a pace slower than earlier estimates suggested.

Specialists remain baffled as to why the transition from dark to fair skin progressed at such a sluggish pace.

Nevertheless, researchers think that farmers might offset vitamin D deficiencies in their diet through readily available sources like milk and meat.

Specimens for the research were collected from the British Isles and continental Europe. Russia , central Asia and the Middle East.

Dr. Silvia Ghirotto, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Ferrara in Italy, who headed the research, shared her insights. The Telegraph By examining the ancient DNA from 348 people over a period of 45,000 years, we pieced together a complex scenario where pale skin color appeared intermittently during the early stages of human habitation in Europe.

'Till quite recently, our forebears possessed dark skin.'

'Since Stonehenge was constructed during the shift from the Neolithic era to the Bronze Age, and considering the frequent occurrence of dark-skinned individuals we identified throughout this period—even in Northern Europe—it is probable that the people who erected Stonehenge had darker complexions.'

Stonehenge is a significant element of British heritage. Although mostly cordoned off for protection, tourists can still stroll around the ancient structure from a close proximity, even though direct contact with the stones is now prohibited.

The entire structure, currently in ruins, is oriented toward the sunrise at dawn and the sunset during the winter solstice.

During the solstice times, large gatherings often occur at the monument because it serves as a place of worship for Neo-Druids, Pagans, and various other earth-centered or ancient faiths.

Nonetheless, English Heritage allows entry during the summer and winter solstices as well as the spring and autumn equinoxes.

Read more


10 Timeless Ancient Wonders You Can Still Marvel At Today!

The Great Wall of China: An Expanse Born from Human Ambition

The Great Wall of China isn’t merely a wall; it stands as an emblem of resilience and defensive strength. Originating from the 7th century BC, this monumental structure meanders for more than 21,000 kilometers across varied terrains in China, including steep mountain ranges and tranquil desert expanses.

Frequent visitors to the area surrounding Beijing, particularly the well-maintained stretches such as Mutianyu, find themselves drawn there regularly. Picture yourself at the summit of this historic monument, observing how the terrain undulates beneath you akin to the spine of a mythical creature.

During your visit in fall, you will be greeted with vibrant colors as the foliage turns into deep reds and golden tones. Apart from exploring the walls, you’ll discover intriguing watchtowers and fortifications where ancient soldiers once patrolled, adding an extra layer of charm to your journey.

Machu Picchu: The Hidden Inca Metropolis

Nestled among the Andes Mountains in Peru, Machu Picchu stands as an enigmatic monument to the ingenuity of Incan engineering. Constructed during the 15th century, this historical site endures, shrouded in fog and mystery.

The tiered slopes and stony edifices instill a feeling of awe. As the mist clears from the valley floor each morning, unveiling the Urubamba River Valley beneath, it sparks contemplation about those who resided here atop these lofty heights.

Hovering from bloom to blossom, hummingbirds dart about, as the lush scenery bursts with vitality. Interacting with native guides offers narratives of archaeology and folklore, crafting a narrative quilt of experiences you'll be hard-pressed to overlook.

The Pyramids of Giza: Timeless Triangles of Civilisation

Looking upon the Pyramids of Giza instills an intense feeling of historical gravity and marvel. These majestic tombs rise majestically from the Egyptian desert sands, constructed during the reign of the Fourth Dynasty, they exemplify the magnificence of ancient Egypt.

The biggest pyramid, constructed initially as a burial place for Pharaoh Khufu, offers guests an opportunity to ponder over the construction methods used in antiquity due to its remarkable accuracy and size.

Interestingly, camels wander about, providing rides, as vendors vigorously peddle their wares. The sun casts a warm, golden light over the area, enhancing the majestic appearance of the surroundings with an almost magical radiance.

The Sphinx, a stone guardian with a lion's body and Pharaoh's face, watches over, contemplating the ages.

Petra: The Blush-Hued Metropolis of Sandstone Mysteries

At the core of Jordan stands Petra, a city sculpted from rose-colored rock faces, tracing back to 400 BC. Formerly a crucial hub for trading routes, Petra brims with historical marvels.

The Treasury serves as its centerpiece, boasting an awe-inspiring exterior that greets adventurers once they navigate the twisty path through the Siq, a naturally formed rocky canyon. When daylight fades into evening, the structures illuminate, narrating a sparkling tale of twilight.

Nomads continue to reside in this area, maintaining their customary ways of life around historical remains. Delving deeper into these lands and uncovering the stories within shrines and sepulchers, silent echoes from times past recount narratives of monarchs, rulers, and long-lost commercial mysteries.

The Colosseum: Rome’s Venues for Ancient Amusements

The Colosseum of Rome, a testament to early architectural prowess, serves as a defining emblem of imperial Rome. Built from 70-80 AD, this massive structure resounded with the applause of more than 50,000 viewers who came to watch gladiator battles and dramatic performances.

Picturing a stage where figures of yesteryears—be they Roman emperors or everyday folks—all saw their tales come alive. Now, its expansive hallways summon an age long past, as darkness takes solace within its enigmatic corners.

Beyond its historic fortifications, the vibrant contemporary city exudes an ambiance that stands in contrast yet harmoniously enhances the location’s rich history. Each cobblestone echoes stories of battles, civilization, and grand events.

Angkor Wat: The Architectural Masterpiece of Cambodia

Nestled within the verdant forests of Cambodia rises Angkor Wat, an extensive temple complex showcasing the brilliance and creativity of the Khmer civilization. Built during the early 12th century as a Hindu sanctuary, it later evolved into a Buddhist destination, seamlessly blending two significant religious traditions.

The scene becomes particularly captivating during sunrise as the rising sun illuminates its spires, projecting magical shadows onto the lotus-filled pond. The detailed low reliefs narrate myths and legends with every carved stone serving as a chapter from times long past.

The fauna around, such as parakeets and monkeys, lend multiple dimensions of intrigue to your explorations. Tourists frequently characterize this adventure as a spiritual quest, a voyage through time and piety.

Stonehenge: England's Mysterious Cluster of Stones

Located on Salisbury Plain, Stonehenge stands as one of the most puzzling and argued-over ancient monuments ever known. Estimated to date from around 3000 BC, these enormous stone formations arranged in circular patterns have fueled numerous hypotheses about what they were built for.

A few believe it served as a burial site, whereas some think it functioned as an astronomical calendar. Overhead, the stars shimmer brightly whilst the age-old stones stand guard quietly, murmuring tales lost to time.

Discoveries from archaeology in the vicinity beckon aficionados to unravel the site’s enigmas. Strolling through the tranquil landscapes of England, an atmosphere of serenity and awe surrounds you, weaving a link among nature, history, and legend.

The Acropolis of Athens: An Illuminating Symbol of Early Civilizations

Above the city of Athens stands the majestic Acropolis, embodying the essence of ancient Greek ingenuity and splendour. Perched atop this hill, the Parthenon dominates the horizon, showcasing remarkable feats in architecture and art from the fifth century BCE.

Exploring its remnants is akin to stepping into a metropolis brushed with layers of history and philosophical thought, where luminaries such as Socrates and Plato once walked. Tourists are captivated by the juxtaposition of these historic remains set against the backdrop of the contemporary city sprawled beneath them.

Attractions such as the Theater of Dionysus suggest a vibrant cultural scene from centuries past. Surrounded by olive groves and enveloped in the Mediterranean atmosphere, the Acropolis remains an eternal repository of historical wonder.

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Ancient Shopping List Unearthed by Archaeologists After 3,500 Years

Shopping Lists are crucial for ensuring you don’t miss anything during a shopping excursion, preventing the frustration of heading through the front door only to realise you’ve overlooked an item.

And it appears they have existed as a collective for thousands upon thousands of years. archaeologists digging into the Accana Mound, which is also called Eski Alalah, in Turkey have uncovered a cuneiform tablet listing groceries bought more than 3,500 years ago. reports Heritage Daily .

Cuneiform is one of the oldest forms of writing; it means 'wedge-shaped' and is a logo-syllabic writing system.

Mehmet Ersoy, the Minister of Culture and Tourism in Turkey, said in a press statement archaeologists have unearthed a cuneiform tablet during restoration works in the old city of Alalah following an earthquake.

It was written in Akkadian, an extinct East Semitic language, and the tablet itself dates from the 15th century BC.

Even though contemporary shopping lists are typically employed at supermarkets today, such establishments did not exist nearly 3,500 years ago. Interestingly, the list found in Turkey was actually for furniture items.

This document details a substantial quantity of furniture acquisitions.

Language experts are still working on deciphering what the shopping list contains, but they've currently revealed information regarding several wooden tables, chairs, and stools that were acquired. They’ve also managed to find out more specifics about both the buyers and the locations where these items were purchased.

Minister Mehmet Ersoy stated: "We think that this tablet, which weighs 28 grams, will offer a fresh viewpoint on Anatolia’s profound legacy for upcoming generations."

In addition to its considerable heft, the tablet boasts dimensions of 42mm x 35mm and has a depth of 16mm.

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Lost City Unveiled: The Real Atlantis Found Off Greek Coast

The legendary land of Atlantis while getting all the attention, another still remains. sunken city That is much older than its mythical equivalent.

It is believed that Pavlopetri dates back about 5,000 years; however, it remained undiscovered until the 20th century, and specialists continue to unravel its mysteries and riches.

The Bronze Age The town was initially recognized offshore from the coast. Greece In the southern Peloponnese region of Greece in 1904, it was discovered by a geologist named Folkion Negris.

Nevertheless, it remained largely uncharted until 1967 when Nicholas Flemming from the Institute of Oceanography at the University of Southampton revisited the location.

The next year, Fleming journeyed with a team of archaeologists from the University of Cambridge to spend six weeks exploring the sunken city, located beneath approximately three to four meters (10 to 13 feet) of water. IFL Science reports.

The researchers subsequently outlined the layout of the old town, featuring a minimum of 15 distinct structures along with courtyards, roads, and burial sites.

They additionally retrieved several artifacts from the ocean floor, such as ceramics, knives, and a miniature bronze statue, which they traced back to the period between 2800 and 1180 BC. Nonetheless, the structures within the city itself were determined to have originated sometime between 1650 and 1180 BC.

You could assume that finding an ancient submerged city would create considerable excitement. However, surprisingly, it wasn’t until four decades later that the Pavlopetri site garnered additional interest.

In 2009, an international group of specialists from the Ephorate of Underwater Antiquities at the Hellenic Ministry of Culture, the Hellenic Centre for Maritime Research, and the University of Nottingham initiated a five-year endeavor aimed at thoroughly investigating and documenting the details of this ancient town through excavation and exploration efforts.

In the course of their investigation, the team uncovered an additional 9,000 square meters (97,000 square feet) of new constructions, featuring a sizable rectilinear hall along with edifices bordering a formerly concealed thoroughfare. IFL Science notes.

They additionally discovered pottery that verified the existence of this city throughout the Mycenaean era—the final part of the Bronze Age in ancient Greece—along with indications pointing towards continuous habitation from approximately 3000 BCE until about 1100 BC. During this time span, the settlement likely housed between 500 to 2,000 inhabitants.

The exact reason why Pavlopetri ended up at the bottom of the sea remains a mystery. However, certain specialists think it might have been submerged due to an earthquake happening circa 1000 BC or 375 AD.

However, since the city existed before Plato’s metaphorical tale of Atlantis, some people have enthusiastically proposed that Pavlopetri served as the actual model for the dazzling "vanished" landmass that continues to captivate us even now.

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